The study of Biology was taught at Canterbury College from 1874, with the subject being stretched to encompass zoology and paleontology up until 1954. As the department grew in size into the 1890s, there was an increasing need for a separate laboratory, but the nationwide depression meant that funds were limited. To make the most of the available resources, the College Board opted to build a new biological laboratory and incorporate into it an observatory for the Townsend Telescope, which had been donated to the College in 1891.
Completed in 1896 the Biological Laboratory and Observatory were designed by Benjamin Mountfort at a cost of 拢3,004. This would be Mountfort鈥檚 last major contract for the College. The first floor had accommodation for a large lecture room, alongside a store room and a study for the Professor. On the ground floor the building included a preparation room, a senior laboratory and a main laboratory, which could accommodate 21 students seated at benches. The main laboratory also featured displays such as a wax model of an embryo chicken and a gelatin model of typhus bacteria.